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normal disk
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The nucleus pulposus presses on a nerve
herniated disc
Because vertebrates were not evolved to be advantageous for bipedal walking in the first place,
[The structure of the spine is advantageous for receiving gravity horizontally, but the spine receives it vertically, so the force received by gravity is different for each disc.]
Humans have the great advantage of being able to use their hands by walking on two legs, but
As vertebrates, structural limitations arise from bipedal walking.
[In fact, just looking at the robot structure, bipedal walking is an inefficient form. Since robots only need to add more arms, there is no advantage to bipedal walking.]